Imperfect Subjunctive + Conditional

the imperfect subjunctive and the conditional

In the previous post, we explored the fascinating world of verb tenses, including the imperfect subjunctive. Many readers have requested additional examples of this extremely useful grammar aspect, so: aqui estão! (here they are!)

To further illustrate the significance of the imperfect subjunctive in conversational Portuguese, consider how it can influence your interactions. Imagine you're in a discussion about travel plans with friends. You might say:

Se eu pudesse escolher um lugar para ir, eu iria à Europa. ➜ If I could choose a place to go, I would go to Europe.

This not only showcases your command of the language but also enriches the conversation, allowing for deeper engagement with your peers.

Another scenario could occur in a business context. When discussing hypothetical situations regarding project outcomes, you might say:

Se nós tivéssemos mais tempo, terminaríamos o projeto. ➜ If we had more time, we would finish the project.

Using this structure expresses not only your linguistic ability but also your understanding of the subtleties and nuances of Portuguese, making you a more effective communicator.

Mastering the imperfect subjunctive and its pairing with the conditional opens up a spectrum of expression in Portuguese, allowing for discussions about possibilities, wishes, and hypothetical scenarios. As you practice these structures, you'll discover how they can refine your language skills and enhance your connections with native speakers.

The Imperfect Subjunctive is Insanely Great: Even Better with the Conditional!

And by the way, only language professors need to dive deep into these categories of verb tenses. What you truly need to understand is that this combination of tenses is among the most powerful grammar tools available for expressing complex ideas!
The structure works like this: IF + something were to happen (or had happened) + CONDITIONAL.
For example:
Se ele falasse Português poderia vir conosco. ➜ If he spoke Portuguese, he could come with us.

Did you feel the power of this grammatical structure?

You've probably encountered the conditional tense before, right? The verb PODER transforms into PODERIA in the conditional form.

The falASSE represents the imperfect subjunctive form of FALAR, which is an easy conjugation. This verb tense falls under the SUBJUNCTIVE category, indicating a discussion revolving around UNCERTAINTY. The subjunctive mood deals with situations that express uncertainty or impossibility. In English, for example, we would say, if he were to speak... In Portuguese, this is expressed using the ASSE and ESSE verb endings, which are often considered some of the most enjoyable conjugations to pronounce!

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Here's another example,
Se eu tivesse dinheiro, compraria tudo. ➜ If I had money, I would buy everything.

Can you see the pattern emerging? The conditional would follows the if whatever were to be so structure. It's important to note that in this example, the verb TER is irregular; instead of tevesse, we use tivesse .

Let's look at another interesting example,

Se você pudesse voar, para onde você voaria? ➜ If you could fly, where would you fly to?

This is an unusual example, but it effectively illustrates the same verb in both subjunctive and conditional forms.

Note that this tense represents the most extreme form of the subjunctive. In essence, it is exclusively applied to situations that did not occur, could not have occurred, or would be highly unlikely to occur. You grasp the concept well.

Se eu ganhasse na loteria, compraria um carro zerado. ➜ If I won the lottery, I would buy a new car.

Um carro zerado, by the way, refers to a brand-new car. The term "zerado" relates to the odometer reading! This example can become more complex if you wish to articulate it in the past tense: If I had won...
Se eu tivesse ganho a loteria, compraria um carro zerado. ➜ If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new car!

Now we are venturing into super advanced territory. However, I firmly believe that even beginners learning Portuguese should attempt to employ some of these structures. Challenge yourself: create an example sentence that you can use occasionally. This exercise can truly help you impress the Brazilians 😎.

Here's a practical example for you,

If I studied more, I would speak better! ➜ If I studied more, I would speak better!